Hormones are the biologically active substances produced and produced secretory cells of the glands of internal secretion (see) and some other tissues. Hormones act directly in the blood, lymph space, and some of them - in cerebrospinal fluid. Each of the hormone acts on specific functions or organs, causing them of specific changes (table.). Hormones can easily penetrate through the membrane of cells and endothelium capillaries and possess high biological activity, rendering effect even in very small quantities. Regulation of allocation of hormones is neuro-humoral way. Hormones quickly destroyed tissues. Therefore, when hormonal therapy for therapeutic effect of constant introduction of hormonal drug. Hormones are mostly not have the species specificity, so it is possible to introduce the human hormonal preparations derived from animal and synthetic means. Cm. also Hormonotherapy and articles on the titles of certain hormones.
| Gland of internal secretion | Produced hormone | Effect on the body |
|---|---|---|
| Pituitary gland: front share | Somatotropic | Effect on the processes of growth of all organs and tissues |
| Thyrotropic | Stimulates the thyroid gland, the synthesis of hormones in it and the arrival of a blood | |
| Follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone | Stimulate the development and function of sex glands | |
| Prolactin | Stimulates the secretion of the Breasts of milk and function of the yellow body | |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | Selects the current blood hormones crust napochechnikov (corticosteroids)affecting carbohydrate, protein, fat and water-salt metabolism and the development of secondary sexual characteristics | |
| the average share | Melanocytestimulating hormone | Regulates the deposition of pigment |
| rear share (and hypothalamus) | Oxytocin | Stimulates uterine contractions |
| Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) | Increases reabsorbqiyu water in the kidney, raises blood pressure | |
| Thyroid gland | Thyroxine, triiodothyronine | Increase the basal metabolic rate, affect the Central nervous system, trophic processes, growth, increases diuresis |
| Thyrocalcitonin | Has gipokaltsiemicheskaya action | |
| The parathyroid gland | Parathyroid hormone (paratireoidin) | Increases the content of calcium in the blood and removes syndrome tetanii |
| Pancreas | Insulin | Reduces sugar content in blood. Promotes tissue uptake of carbohydrates, the transition of carbohydrates into fats, protein synthesis and slows the transition of proteins and fats in carbohydrates |
| Glucagon | Increases the breakdown of glycogen in the liver, resulting in increased blood sugar | |
| The adrenal cortical layer | Aldosterone | Regulates electrolyte and water exchanges |
| Hydrocortisone, corticosterone (glucocorticoids) | Contribute to the accumulation of glycogen in the liver, increases the content of sugar in the blood, causing an increase in the excretion of urine, change the picture red and white blood cells, have a strong anti-inflammatory and antiallergic activity | |
| cerebral layer | Adrenaline | Improves blood pressure, strengthens and uchsay intimate reductions, causes relaxation of muscles bronchi and intestines, narrow vessels of the skin, expanding light vessels and coronary vessels of the heart |
| Norepinephrine | The main effect - increased blood pressure by narrowing of peripheral vessels | |
| Ovaries | Estradiol | Affects the growth of the uterus, the development of secondary sexual characters, participates in the implementation of the menstrual cycle |
| Progesterone | Creates conditions for gestation, inhibits the contractile muscle excitability of the uterus, stimulates the development of mammary glands | |
| Testicles | Testosterone | Necessary for the formation of the sexual organs and the development of secondary sexual characteristics men, stimulates spermatogenesis |
