Under-nutrition is the process of absorption of foodneeded to sustain life, health and the health of the person. Malnutrition leads to a violation of the functions of individual systems and to the General weakening of the body - exhaustion, malnutrition and other diseases. The deficiency cause the development of hypovitaminosis and avitaminosis (see Vitamin deficiency). Malnutrition especially negatively affects children, restraining the growth and development of the child. Excessive diet leads to obesity, contributes to atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, metabolic disorders and other diseases. A full, balanced diet is an important factor of strengthening of health of the population and reduction of morbidity. Rational nutrition ensures the supply of plastic, energy and regulatory substances necessary for normal functioning of the body. To plastic substances, i.e. substances that are used in the body for construction of new and replacement of old cells and tissues, are proteins (see), partially fats (see) and some mineral substances (see) - calcium, phosphorus and other Energy substances (carbohydrates, fats, partially proteins) are sources of energy that are required in the process of life. Regulatory substances, vitamins, biomicroelements and others involved in the metabolism and performing catalytic and other regulatory functions.
In table. 1 provides data daily needs in calories, proteins, fats and carbohydrates major groups of the adult population living in settlements with a developed public service.
| Population (labor activity) | Age in years (men) | Kcal | Proteins (g) | Fat (g) | Carbohydrates (g) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| just | including animals | just | including plant | ||||
| I group The person whose work is not connected with the expenditure of physical work or requires little physical effort |
18-40 40-60 |
2800 2600 |
96 89 |
58 53 |
90 81 |
27 25 |
382 355 |
| II group Workers in industries with mechanized labour conditions and the service sector, whose work does not require great physical strain |
18-40 40-60 |
3000 2800 |
99 92 |
54 50 |
97 91 |
29 27 |
413 385 |
| Group III Workers in industries with mechanized labour conditions and the service sector, whose work is connected with considerable physical stress |
18-40 40-60 |
3200 2900 |
102 93 |
56 51 |
103 94 |
31 28 |
445 401 |
| IV group Employees of enterprises with non-mechanized labor conditions of medium and high severity |
18-40 40-60 |
3700 3400 |
108 100 |
54 50 |
120 110 |
36 33 |
522 480 |
2. For the population living in localities with less developed public service, is added to 200 kcal to quantities daily needs, in this table.
For athletes in the days of intensive training and competitions defines the following values of daily needs in calories and nutrients: for men - 4500-5000 calories, proteins 154-171 g, fat 145-161 g, carbohydrates 615 - 683 g; for women - 3500-4000 calories, proteins 120-137 g, fat 113-129 g, carbohydrates 477-546 g per day. For elderly people living in settlements with a developed public service and not engaged in physical labor, the recommended following values daily needs in calories, proteins, fats and carbohydrates (table. 2).
| Floor | Age (years) | Kcal | Proteins (g) | Fat (g) | Carbohydrates (g) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| just | including animals | just | including plant | ||||
| Men | 60-70 Over 70 |
2350 2200 |
80 75 |
48 45 |
76 71 |
27 25 |
320 300 |
| Women | 60-70 Over 70 |
2100 2000 |
70 65 |
42 39 |
66 61 |
23 21 |
288 277 |
The need of the elderly in calories and nutrients is increased by 100-150 calories when staying in settlements with less developed public service, and with the active forms of recreation.
