Forever - two skin-muscular folds, closing in closing the eyeball. Eyelids are a function of protection of the eyeball, promote wetting the surface.
The upper and lower eyelids are connected from the nose (internal spike) and at the outer edge of the eye socket (outer spike). Outside the ages covered with a thin skin, and from the side that faces the eyeball,mucous (connection) with a shell, or conjunctiva (Fig). In the thickness of the century laid the so-called cartilage, which consists of dense connective tissue and defines the shape of the eyelids. At the outer and inner corners of the eyes cartilage upper and lower eyelid connected to each other and are attached to the bone edge of the socket through two ligaments. On rest during the cartilage is connected with the edge of the eye socket fascia. In the thick cartilage century laid the sebaceous gland - meibomiae; ductless them open on the edge of the century in the so-called intercostal space. Between the skin and cartilage century is circular muscle. To convex edge of the upper eyelid cartilage attach muscle lifting the lid. In violation of innervation it comes ptosis of the upper eyelid - ptosis. On the edge of the century, at its front edge, is 2-3 number of lashes, about which are the sebaceous glands zassa. The inner corner of the century there is a space - lacrimal lake, where the exaltation of rose-pink - lacrimal pulp. Here, near the inner edges of the upper and lower eyelids are lacrimal buds with a hole at the top - lacrimal point. In the centuries has a well-developed vascular network. Vessels form the top and bottom of the arc, which is parallel to the free edge of the century. Lymph flow occurs in predelnye and submandibular lymph nodes.
Pathology. Full congenital absence of the century - abbefaria is usually combined with other serious defects of the eye. More common epicanthus - semilunar fold of skin that covers the angle of the palpebral fissure. Treatment of this anomaly is operational. Impaired mobility century - dyskinesia. In this case the patient cannot close one eye, while batting eyelids both eyes is normal. For centuries the development of a number of benign (nevus, cyst, papilloma, hemangioma , and others) and malignant (cancer, sarcoma, melanoma) tumors. Treatment only online. Other diseases age - see Blepharitis, Blepharospasm, Blepharophimosis, Blepharochalasis, Ectropion, entropion, the secondary cataract, Barley.
Eyelid surgery - see Blepharoplasty. Cm. also the Eye.
